Is Macrobid Safe in Pregnancy

Status

caution Last reviewed: 2026-05-16 · Confidence: high

Reason

Official labeling allows use only if clearly needed; avoid near delivery and in G6PD deficiency.

Drug Information

Brand Name
Macrobid
Generic Name
nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals
Drug Class
Antibiotic (nitrofuran)
FDA Category
B
Rx Status
prescription

Safe Amount

Dosage must be determined by your provider based on individual risk/benefit.

Effects

Pregnancy
May be used when benefits outweigh risks for a UTI, but not at term (38 to 42 weeks), during labor, or when labor is imminent.
Mother
Can cause liver injury and other side effects; caution with low kidney function and G6PD deficiency.
Baby
Near term use can raise risk of newborn hemolytic anemia; animal data did not show fetal harm, but human data are limited.

Trimester Notes

1st Trimester
May be used only if clearly needed. Human pregnancy data are limited.
2nd Trimester
May be used when your provider decides benefits outweigh risks for UTI treatment.
3rd Trimester
Use caution. Official labeling says not to use at term (38 to 42 weeks), during labor, or when labor is imminent.

Risk-Benefit Note

Treating a UTI in pregnancy can be important. Your provider should weigh infection risks against nitrofurantoin risks, especially near delivery.

Conditions & Warnings

  • Consult OB/GYN or prescriber
  • Do not use at term (38 to 42 weeks) or during labor
  • Avoid if you have G6PD deficiency
  • Avoid if you have significant kidney problems
  • Prescription medicine: provider review is needed before stopping or continuing

Alternatives

  • Consult your OB/GYN or prescriber for a pregnancy-appropriate UTI antibiotic based on culture and trimester

References

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